p-n junction
A pair of polarized holes and electrons create a p-n junction within a semiconductor. The positive charge on the other side displaces the hole. The hole repels the negative charge while the electron is pushed by the positive charge. The result is the minor carrier flow stops parallel to this junction. The p–n junction acts an insulator. You can create a capacitance by using the fixed pair of polarized electrons in the n region.
If a negative charge is removed, it is reduced and an electric current develops along the junction p-n. This causes electrons on the p side to drift toward the n side. This is the reverse of diffusion current that flows in the other direction.
Energy gap
A semiconductor can measure an energy gap, also known as the valence-band gap. This property is a ratio of the total energy in a semiconductor to that of electrons and holes. A single crystal semiconductor is one with an energy difference close to unity.
The refractive index of a semiconductor is a function of its energy gap, and is a vital consideration in the design of optoelectronic devices. This property is critical for optically tunable dimers, but it is not known if different semiconductor groups have different refractiveindices.
Conductivity
The conductivity of semiconductors is directly related to the number of free carriers in the semiconductor. The material's electrical conductivity is determined by the number of carriers per unit volume, and their relative velocity in an electric field. An intrinsic semiconductor has equal numbers of holes and electrons. These ions move at different speeds, so they have different mobilities within an electric field.
The conduction band refers to the number or free electrons found in a semiconductor. At room temperature this electron-hole relation means that one of the electrons moves into the conduction bands and one of the holes moves to the band's valance. This is why these electron-hole pair are charged carriers.
Characteristics
Semiconductors can have different properties to metals than semiconductors, such as their conductivity or resistivity. They differ in how many electrons and holes they have per area. Their temperature coefficient of resistivity is negative and their conductivity declines with increasing temperature. The impurities in semiconductors can also change their properties, which can affect their electrical conductivity.
These properties make semiconductors ideal to use in electronic devices. Semiconductors, which are usually solid chemical elements, conduct electricity under certain conditions. They are ideal for controlling electrical current. There are two types of semiconductors: conductor and insulator. Exposing a semiconductor to an electrical field causes its electrons or holes to move at a rapid rate.
Applications
Semiconductors can be described as materials with optical properties. They are used in a variety technologies. They are integral components of daily-use technologies such as computers and mobile phones, and are being increasingly incorporated into everyday devices. This book describes the basic optical properties of these materials, and highlights their most significant applications. The book features contributions from experts and insight on the subject.
Semiconductors can be used to make transistors and MOSFETs that act as switches in circuits. They are compact and efficient, making them an excellent choice for many electronic applications. They can also be used to make LEDs and microprocessors.